My group presented chapters one, two, three, and five. My group member Angelinee Castro and I covered chapter one, discussing the general importance of public speaking. The influences it has, and how it is a life skill. We went over skills that develop because of public speaking, such as communication skills and speaker credibility. This chapter also touched on the spheres of communication and how we use them every day. Then, Angellie Martinez presented chapter two, which focused on speech anxiety. Angellie gave good points on how to build confidence, including relaxation techniques and how to prepare for public speaking. I definitely plan to use these techniques to feel ready for speeches. My group member Camila Otoya presented chapter three. Camila went in-depth about the important components of listening in public speaking: hearing, understanding, interpreting, evaluating, and responding. Provided effective listening strategies to listen mindfully with an open mind and how to respond in conversations, for example, in defensive situations versus supportive ones. Lastly, Hannah Wallace and Diana Ema covered chapter five. While chapter one mentioned a little about what an audience is and speaker credibility, chapter five went into detail, and Hannah did an amazing job covering this. Hannah explained how to build speaker credibility and the importance of not spreading misinformation, and it really stuck with me how the audience notices how we carry ourselves through body language and tone while presenting. Diana closed chapter five by discussing how to develop an audience and adapt to the setting, whether indoors or outdoors. I took away from this that it is key to remember how both the audience and setting influence presentations, we must adapt to these factors to maintain engagement and successfully develop our audience. That was it for my group.
Moving on, we have group two. This group covered chapters four, six, seven, and eight. We started with Fabian Ramos on "Developing Your Purpose and Topic." I appreciated how clearly he explained how to determine the purpose of a speech—whether to inform, persuade, or address a special occasion. Carolina Rivadeneira added to this chapter the importance of the thesis, which sets the direction of the speech and create an outline after identifying your purpose In chapter six, Elizabeth Alfonzo provided helpful tips, for example, "what, how, and where." evaluate what we already know, checking the reliability of our information, and seeking multiple perspectives to become well-informed. This advice will be useful for my future public speaking as it will ensure I present accurate and reliable information. They also discussed the body of the speech, emphasizing its importance for audience understanding. To extend on the idea of multiple perspectives, Daniel Liendo mentioned interviewing—how to conduct, develop, and close interviews. the process of going from general to specific." How to strengthen research by securing validity, accuracy, authority, and avoiding plagiarism. In chapter seven, Mia Garcia explained supporting ideas using four key methods: ethos, pathos, logos, and mythos. Mia stressed the importance of using examples, while Elizabeth Mata elaborated on using testimonies, facts, and statistics. Chapter eight focused on outlining and gathering thoughts to assist in creating an effective outline to help in delivering speeches.
Following, we have group three. This group delivered chapters nine, ten, eleven, and twelve. Chapter nine was about primacy and recency—the information we remember. I liked how Iver Williams gave an example; it really helped me grasp the point of the chapter: “If we had a shopping list, we would likely remember the first and last items.” it also reminded us to consider the audience. Then, Kimberly Amador presented the rest of the chapter and built on how to develop your conclusion, review the main points, and provide closure. This was done exceptionally well, and she went back to primacy and recency to review the main points and give memorable messages to end our conclusion with a good impression for our audience. Liseett Marte and Jade Jaquez discussed how to use language effectively. They explained how language is arbitrary, ambiguous, abstract, and active and emphasized the importance of minding our tone and choosing our words wisely. They also covered the use of neutral terms, spoken vs. written language, and much more. This was a superb reminder of how important every detail is while we present; even our words can affect the audience. Chapter eleven, presented by Lianet Hernandez, elaborated on why we should use presentation media to draw attention and help the audience remember the main ideas. Discussed not only how to use it but also how to be effective in showcasing ideas. John Silva listed different types of presentation media, including flip charts, videos, handouts, and many more. This chapter was incredibly useful for me, as it will help make my speeches clearer for the audience and enable me to use visual media effectively. Finally, in this group, we have chapter twelve, shared by Mariateresa Rodriguez. Discussing the four types of delivery methods: impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, and memorized. This was great, as I can use it to develop which method works best for me. This chapter also covered the factors that can influence delivery, such as culture, gender, fluency, and dialect.
Lastly, we have group four covering chapters thirteen through seventeen, beginning with chapter thirteen on informative speaking, which provides an audience with knowledge and understanding. A good point Rosa made was whether the topic was a simple or more complex subject, it still had to be structured. Informative speaking needs to be structured and presented well for the audience's understanding. Different types of structures, like chronological, narrative, and cause and effect, help the audience follow along. In chapter fourteen, persuasive speaking, Shadelle Cerezo compared different types of persuasion tactics, practical and issue-based topics. For example, manipulation, coercion, and bullying all fall under issue-based persuasion. I admire Shadelle's examples of how to properly encourage an audience ethically and what to avoid while delivering a persuasive speech. Next up is chapter fifteen, "Argument." Madelyn Morejon mentions how an argument in public speaking refers to a reasoned and organized presentation aimed at persuading an audience. She gave a history of different claims, ethos, pathos, and logos, used as evidence. Sade Estupinan covers the rest of chapter fifteen, focusing on fallacies—overall things to avoid in claims, evidence, and so on. Chapter sixteen focused on distance speaking, which is video conferencing, telephone, and graphical communication. Yanielis Perdomo discussed the rules for distance speaking. I noticed that these rules are similar to those for in-person speaking. It's important to maintain the same attitude, even in an online setting. For the last chapter in this group, chapter seventeen, Angie R covered special occasions, including weddings, funerals, and parties. What I took away from Angie's presentation was the variation compared to informative and persuasive speaking, where special occasions aim to honor and celebrate mostly.
Reflecting on these presentations, they were great and provided clarity on the topics covered. I learned new information that I can apply to future presentations to be better informed and prepared. I look forward to seeing the upcoming presentations the class has!☺
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